platforms/backend/iot-server/internal/protocol/frame.go

// Package protocol 实现《气体探测器通讯协议》V1.8 的二进制帧编解码。
package protocol

import (
	"crypto/aes"
	"encoding/binary"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

const (
	StartByte      = byte(0x5E)
	EndByte        = byte(0x5B)
	FixedBodyBytes = 29 // key 到有效数据长度，不含载荷和校验。
)

var (
	ErrFrameTooShort   = errors.New("数据帧长度不足")
	ErrBoundary        = errors.New("起始符或结束符无效")
	ErrLength          = errors.New("帧长度不匹配")
	ErrChecksum        = errors.New("LRC8 校验失败")
	ErrPayloadLength   = errors.New("数据包有效长度无效")
	ErrEncryptedLength = errors.New("密文长度不是 16 字节的倍数")
)

// Frame 是设备原始帧的强类型表示；多字节整数均按大端序传输。
type Frame struct {
	KeyID        byte
	Version      byte
	Control      byte
	DeviceKind   byte
	DeviceType   byte
	DeviceModel  [3]byte
	DeviceID     [8]byte
	PacketNumber uint16
	Sequence     byte
	Final        bool
	DeviceTime   time.Time
	Payload      []byte
}

// Keyring 按协议支持 0 号明文和 1/2/3 号 AES-128 密钥。
type Keyring map[byte][]byte

// Encode 构造可直接作为 MQTT payload 发布的厂商二进制帧。
func Encode(frame Frame, keys Keyring) ([]byte, error) {
	payload, err := cryptPayload(frame.KeyID, frame.Payload, keys, false)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	body := make([]byte, FixedBodyBytes+len(payload))
	body[0], body[1], body[2] = frame.KeyID, frame.Version, frame.Control
	body[3], body[4] = frame.DeviceKind, frame.DeviceType
	copy(body[5:8], frame.DeviceModel[:])
	copy(body[8:16], frame.DeviceID[:])
	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(body[16:18], frame.PacketNumber)
	body[18] = frame.Sequence
	if frame.Final {
		body[19] = 1
	}
	encodeBCDTime(body[20:27], frame.DeviceTime)
	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(body[27:29], uint16(len(frame.Payload)))
	copy(body[29:], payload)

	frameLength := len(body) + 1 // 加上校验字节，不含起始符、长度字段和结束符。
	if frameLength > 0xffff {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("帧过长: %d", frameLength)
	}
	result := make([]byte, 0, frameLength+4)
	result = append(result, StartByte, byte(frameLength>>8), byte(frameLength))
	result = append(result, body...)
	result = append(result, LRC8(result[1:]), EndByte)
	return result, nil
}

// Decode 校验边界、长度、LRC8 和 AES 后返回有效载荷。
func Decode(raw []byte, keys Keyring) (Frame, error) {
	var frame Frame
	if len(raw) < FixedBodyBytes+5 {
		return frame, ErrFrameTooShort
	}
	if raw[0] != StartByte || raw[len(raw)-1] != EndByte {
		return frame, ErrBoundary
	}
	declared := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(raw[1:3]))
	if declared+4 != len(raw) {
		return frame, ErrLength
	}
	if LRC8(raw[1:len(raw)-2]) != raw[len(raw)-2] {
		return frame, ErrChecksum
	}
	body := raw[3 : len(raw)-2]
	frame.KeyID, frame.Version, frame.Control = body[0], body[1], body[2]
	frame.DeviceKind, frame.DeviceType = body[3], body[4]
	copy(frame.DeviceModel[:], body[5:8])
	copy(frame.DeviceID[:], body[8:16])
	frame.PacketNumber = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(body[16:18])
	frame.Sequence, frame.Final = body[18], body[19] == 1
	frame.DeviceTime = decodeBCDTime(body[20:27])
	validLength := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(body[27:29]))
	plain, err := cryptPayload(frame.KeyID, body[29:], keys, true)
	if err != nil {
		return frame, err
	}
	if validLength > len(plain) {
		return frame, ErrPayloadLength
	}
	frame.Payload = append([]byte(nil), plain[:validLength]...)
	return frame, nil
}

// LRC8 返回连续字节和的二进制补码低字节。
func LRC8(data []byte) byte {
	var sum byte
	for _, value := range data {
		sum += value
	}
	return ^sum + 1
}

func cryptPayload(keyID byte, input []byte, keys Keyring, decrypt bool) ([]byte, error) {
	if keyID == 0 {
		size := len(input)
		if !decrypt && size%aes.BlockSize != 0 {
			size += aes.BlockSize - size%aes.BlockSize
		}
		result := make([]byte, size)
		copy(result, input)
		return result, nil
	}
	key := keys[keyID]
	if len(key) != aes.BlockSize {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%d 号 AES 密钥必须为 16 字节", keyID)
	}
	if decrypt && len(input)%aes.BlockSize != 0 {
		return nil, ErrEncryptedLength
	}
	size := len(input)
	if !decrypt && size%aes.BlockSize != 0 {
		size += aes.BlockSize - size%aes.BlockSize
	}
	output := make([]byte, size)
	copy(output, input)
	block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	for offset := 0; offset < len(output); offset += aes.BlockSize {
		if decrypt {
			block.Decrypt(output[offset:offset+aes.BlockSize], input[offset:offset+aes.BlockSize])
		} else {
			block.Encrypt(output[offset:offset+aes.BlockSize], output[offset:offset+aes.BlockSize])
		}
	}
	return output, nil
}

func encodeBCDTime(dst []byte, value time.Time) {
	if value.IsZero() {
		value = time.Now()
	}
	parts := []int{value.Year() / 100, value.Year() % 100, int(value.Month()), value.Day(), value.Hour(), value.Minute(), value.Second()}
	for index, part := range parts {
		dst[index] = byte((part/10)<<4 | part%10)
	}
}

func decodeBCDTime(src []byte) time.Time {
	n := func(value byte) int { return int(value>>4)*10 + int(value&0x0f) }
	year := n(src[0])*100 + n(src[1])
	return time.Date(year, time.Month(n(src[2])), n(src[3]), n(src[4]), n(src[5]), n(src[6]), 0, time.Local)
}